published articles.
The rise and decline of semiconductor industries are seldom the product of isolated technological breakthroughs or individual genius. Rather, they are shaped by market structure, sustained cash flow, and the passage of time—conditions that allow capability, cost efficiency, and scale to compound. China’s rapid ascent in electric vehicles demonstrates this logic clearly: success emerged not … Read more
One of the United States’ most consequential strategic mistakes of the past century may have been its failure to confront Iran at the height of its power. While many argue that the greater error was abandoning the containment of China after 2001 and becoming entangled in the Middle East, this perspective may be incomplete. A … Read more
Hong Kong is best understood neither as a failed nation-state nor merely as a rebellious city, but as a deliberately constructed nation without a state—a shared national consensus formed in the absence of formal sovereignty. Its distinctiveness lies in the fact that it did not emerge through revolution, war, or independence, yet it gradually accumulated … Read more
Tsien Hsue-shen (Qian Xuesen) was more than a scientist—he played a pivotal role in shaping China’s modern scientific and engineering strategy. Tsien Hsue-shen and the Architecture of China’s Scientific Power Tsien Hsue-shen’s historical significance does not rest on the resolution of a single technical challenge or the invention of a particular device. His true contribution … Read more
Ren Zhengfei’s stewardship of Huawei reflects an uncommon combination of long-term vision, holistic thinking, and flexible resilience. More than a technologist or executive leader, he operates as a master strategist, designing robust organizational systems that allow Huawei to endure and evolve amid geopolitical constraints and technological disruption. His leadership choices have not only defined Huawei’s … Read more
The collapse of the Soviet Union raises a central question: could reform have preserved it? Interpreted on China’s terms, the contrast is clear. China survived prolonged upheaval by undertaking systemic transformations that built not only industrial capacity but a resilient industrial ecosystem, balanced authority with internal checks, and fostered strategic autonomy. These foundations allowed later … Read more
China’s state-led capitalism operates through a dual-track system that distinguishes market-driven enterprises from state-function entities. Firms overseen by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) compete, generate profits, and undergo market-oriented restructuring, while a parallel set of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) under the Ministry of Finance function as instruments of national policy, safeguarding fiscal stability, … Read more
One of the most consequential strategic mistakes the United States made in the last century was its failure to pursue large-scale, long-distance water diversion projects during its period of peak national strength from the 1950s to the 1970s. By missing this critical window, the nation forfeited the opportunity to address water scarcity in its central … Read more
Huawei’s HarmonyOS, particularly HarmonyOS Next, is reshaping how overseas developers engage with its ecosystem—not through persuasion, but by making non-participation economically unviable in select regions. Rather than seeking Western approval, Huawei is focused on establishing a parallel ecosystem in which Chinese and regional apps become the default, especially across the Global South. Developers are compelled … Read more
At its core, the tension between China and the West is not primarily ideological, military, or economic—it is psychological. The underlying driver is fear, shaped by the West’s historical experience of rising to power through conquest, colonization, and external domination. Accustomed to interpreting global influence through this lens, Western powers often assume that any ascending … Read more