Industrial Policy

China’s state sets goals, takes risks, and builds scale, while firms compete and innovate—an integrated system the market-driven U.S. struggles to match.

From Japan’s Decline to Lessons for China–US Tech Rivalry

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The collective decline of Japanese home appliance companies in the Chinese market exemplifies industrial competition and structural transformation. This predicament highlights that, amid dramatic technological paradigm shifts, superior operational efficiency alone—when detached from scenario awareness and ecosystem integration—can become a constraint on adaptation and transformation. Strategic Misjudgments and Slow Market Response Japanese home appliance companies, … Read more

Why China’s Civilizational Resurgence Reframes U.S. Rivalry

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China’s revival is plausible not because of inevitability, but because it rests on durable structural advantages: long civilizational continuity, a large and mobilizable population, a developmental state capable of intervention, and a unifying national narrative shaped by the “century of humiliation.” These features confer a degree of resilience that many historically declining powers lacked. Yet … Read more

Why U.S.–China Cold War Fails to Mirror U.S.–Soviet Success

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The United States’ effort to frame contemporary tensions with China as a “new Cold War” has not generated the strategic leverage Washington once held over the Soviet Union. Although U.S. policy since the late 2010s has drawn heavily from the earlier playbook—tightened technology controls, mobilized alliances, and sharpened ideological language—the impact has been far more … Read more

China EV 2035 Forecast: Lessons from History as a Mirror

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From the moment the Duryea brothers built the first American automobile in 1895, more than 1,900 registered automakers emerged within five years—most evolving from horse-drawn carriage workshops and relying on handcrafted production, with 99% manufacturing fewer than 100 vehicles a year. Yet by 1908, only 253 remained, as Ford’s Model T and its breakthrough in … Read more

China’s Internet Firms Lead Through Combinatorial Innovation

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Chinese internet companies are known for rapidly absorbing successful ideas from competitors and integrating them into their own ecosystems, a practice that significantly accelerates product iteration and industry-wide innovation. By contrast, major American technology firms often respect relatively fixed “spheres of influence,” which can slow the pace of cross-platform evolution. Against this backdrop, Elon Musk … Read more

China vs. U.S. in Global AI: A Panoramic Strengths Duel

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The global competition in artificial intelligence between China and the United States has evolved into a comprehensive contest of education systems, industrial ecosystems, computing infrastructure, and application-driven innovation. A revealing window into China’s strategic thinking emerged from the minutes of a meeting between Ren Zhengfei and the ICPC chairman, coaches, and award-winning contestants, published on … Read more

Selective Decoupling and China’s Path to Tech Power

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In November 2025, Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei remarked at a meeting with winners of the International Collegiate Programming Contest that the United States “only forbids Huawei from using anything containing American elements; it does not mean it forbids China from using them.” Though understated, the comment precisely captures a widely misunderstood reality of the Sino-US … Read more

China’s Innovation Surge Defies Lee Kuan Yew’s Forecast

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Former Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew (LKY) long argued that China would struggle to reach the global frontier of creativity because its political system constrained dissent, independent thinking, and intellectual freedom; in his view, China would excel at absorbing and refining foreign technologies but not at pioneering them. Yet today, China has produced notable … Read more

Individualism and the U.S. Anti-Communist Lens on China

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Western societies tend to prioritize core principles such as individual rights, democratic decision-making, the rule of law, competitive markets, transparency, minimal government corruption, independent media, and freedoms of thought, conscience, and expression. While these principles are cherished in Western societies, there is a tendency to assume that others, such as the Chinese, share the same … Read more

Huawei vs. GE: Long-Term Innovation Over Short-Term Profits

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Huawei’s founder, Ren Zhengfei, adopted a markedly different approach from Jack Welch’s strategy of financialization and downsizing. While Welch emphasized short-term shareholder gains and cost-cutting—even at the expense of manufacturing and employees—Ren focused on long-term industrial growth, technological capability, and self-reliance. In contrast to Welch’s approach, Huawei’s strategies actively strengthened China’s industrial base and fostered … Read more