U.S. History

U.S. firms chased shareholder value, boosting profits and elite innovation while shedding factories—leaving supply chains efficient, fragile, and hollowed out.

China’s State-Led Banks Driving Strategic Real-Economy Growth

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China’s financial reforms and industrial policies are deeply intertwined, reflecting a strategic focus on serving the real economy. Rather than allowing financial markets to dictate industrial outcomes, China has deliberately aligned its banking system, state-owned enterprises, and policy initiatives to support productive investment, technological upgrading, and long-term economic stability. This approach emphasizes pragmatic state-led guidance, … Read more

Why Reshoring American Manufacturing Remains Unfeasible

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In the manufacturing sector, labor costs are only one aspect of competitiveness, and their relative importance varies across different industries. What truly determines manufacturing strength is the overall landed cost, which depends on a combination of factors such as workforce quality, infrastructure— including power supply and transportation— and the availability of upstream and downstream industrial … Read more

Fragmented vs. Consolidated: U.S. and China in Global Tech Race

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This analysis explores contrasting approaches to governance, economic policy, and technological strategy in the United States and China. Drawing on historical, cultural, and institutional contexts, it examines how the U.S.’s minimalist government philosophy prioritizes individual liberty and market-driven innovation, while China’s centralized model emphasizes collective welfare, long-term planning, and strategic coordination. By comparing political structures, … Read more

China’s Rise: From Wartime Struggle to Tech Innovation Power

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This essay traces China’s remarkable journey from wartime struggle to technological leadership, exploring the interplay of individual brilliance, patriotic commitment, and systemic innovation. It highlights the pioneering contributions of scientists such as Deng Jiaxian, and Tsien Hsue-shen, examines the evolution of China’s state-driven innovation model, and contrasts it with Western approaches shaped by market-driven priorities. … Read more

Complementary Strengths: Chinese and American Innovation Systems

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This essay explores the complementary strengths of Chinese and American education and innovation systems through the lens of Nobel laureate Yang Chen-Ning’s insights and broader comparative analysis. Drawing on Yang’s personal experience and observations, it examines how China’s rigorous, foundational education excels at cultivating discipline and broad competence for the majority of students, while the … Read more

China’s Land System vs. U.S. Tax-Financed Infrastructure

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China’s land finance model represents a distinctive financial innovation rooted in its state-owned land system. Instead of selling land outright, the state auctions land use rights and channels the resulting revenue into large-scale infrastructure development. Institutions such as China Development Bank, backed by sovereign credit, issue bonds to finance both domestic and international projects. This … Read more

America’s Lost Industrial Labs and the Challenge of Innovation

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Over the 20th century, the United States led the world in technological innovation, driven in large part by industrial research laboratories such as Bell Labs, Xerox PARC, and IBM Research. These institutions combined long-term vision, interdisciplinary collaboration, and stable funding to produce breakthroughs that transformed industries and everyday life. Today, however, the landscape of innovation … Read more

Financing Innovation: China and Bell Labs Compared

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This comparison links Bell Labs’ model with China’s land-finance-backed industrial strategy, showing how both employ strategic risk and investment in core industries to secure long-term dominance. Bell Labs achieved technological leadership by investing heavily in foundational R&D, accepting high upfront costs and uncertain returns to drive breakthroughs. Similarly, China channels land-sale revenues into strategic sectors, … Read more

Contrasting U.S. and China Approaches to Human Rights

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The United States adopts a notably absolutist interpretation of certain civil liberties, particularly the right to free speech, compared with many other democracies. While other nations often balance individual rights against considerations such as public order, human dignity, or social harmony—for example, Germany prohibits Nazi propaganda—the U.S. approach largely rejects such restrictions. This model rests … Read more

Centralized vs. Federal Governance: China and U.S. Social Policy

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The contrast between China’s ability to alleviate extreme poverty and the United States’ struggles with homelessness, crime, and the opioid and fentanyl crises highlights the differences between centralized and decentralized governance. China’s one-party, centralized state can implement large-scale initiatives efficiently, mobilizing resources and coordinating action across the country. In contrast, the U.S., with its federal … Read more